Exam: Corruption (by Yuhangu2)

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a. Comprehension.
Read the text carefully then do the activities.

Corruption occurs when organisations or individuals profit improperly
through their position in an activity, and thereby cause damage or loss.
Corruption can be found in all countries but is particularly widespread
in states where the legal system, mass media and the public
administration are weak and undeveloped. Three levels of corruption are
usually referred to: petty corruption (bureaucratic corruption), grand
corruption (political corruption) and state capture (corruption which
affects the entire state apparatus).
Corruption is more or less
widespread in all countries. These countries are often young states that
are at a stage where important social functions are still undeveloped
or weak. In recent years there has been an increase in corruption in
many countries. However, it has also been given more attention and is
being combated both internationally and nationally
There are
several degrees of corruption. The lowest degree is called petty
corruption. Petty corruption is when a public servant, for example a
customs officer, doctor or policeman, extracts illegal fees from the
general public The second degree is characterised by the involvement of
high politicians and senior civil servants who take advantage of their
positions to enrich themselves in order to stay in power. At its highest
level, this form of corruption, known as grand corruption, often
involves large international bribes and secret bank accounts in foreign
banks. The third level of corruption, state capture, arises when weak
states allow businessmen and other powerful people in the country to
exert an influence on legislation, regulations etc, with the effect that
competition in the private sector is distorted. Corruption always means
that money is paid upward. It is the poorest groups that are most
severely affected by corruption. For example, it can be difficult enough
for poor people to afford to go to a doctor when they have to. If the
doctor must also be given a bribe to do his job, poor people might just
not have enough money.
1 - The text is about:
a – The fight against corruption.
b – Corruption and its different kinds.

2 – Say whether the following statements are true or false according to the text.
a) – Corruption is an international phenomenon.
b) – All the governments are combating corruption.
c) – Corruption has no effects on the society.
d) – Corruption is a proper way to gain profits.

3 – In which paragraph is it mentioned that
a) – The society is influenced by corruption?
b) – Many countries take serious measures to fight against corruption?

4 – What do the underlined words in the text refer to?
a) – their (§1) = …… b) – it (§2) = ……

5 – Answer the following questions according to the text.
a) – What are the three kinds of corruption?
b) – Who are influenced by the corruption?
c) – Where is corruption particularly spread?

b. Text exploration.

1 – Find in the text words which are opposite in meaning to the following:
a) – strong (§1) ≠ ……… b) – few (§3) ≠ ………

2 – Write sentence "b" so it means the same meaning as sentence "a".
a) – Many companies are producing many counterfeit products.
b) – Many counterfeiting products……………………………………
a) – Consumers cannot buy copies of brands.
b) – Copies of brands……………………………………………………

3 – Ask the questions that the underlined words answer.
a) – The international community must fight against corruption.
b) – We can find corruption in many states.

4 – Reorder the following sentences to get a coherent paragraph:
a) – For example, the illegal act implying money
b) – Corruption threatens people and their governments.
c) – which is called bribery remains a danger
d) – because it destroys both faith and state.

5 – Underline the stressed syllable in these words:
Example: staTistics
Affect - mathematics - political - corruption

Part two. Written Expression
Write a composition of 100 words on one of the following topics.

Choose Either
Topic one:
What you would do to fight fraud and corruption if you were elected Prime Minister.
You may use these ideas:
Pass severe laws / fight capital fight / fight bribe giving and taking …

Or

Topic two:
Many
consumers think that counterfeiting is beneficial by giving them many
opportunities to buy many products. This is totally wrong. Explain why
counterfeiting is an unethical behaviour by give reasons and examples
for this claim.